Giraffes have a high adult survival probability, and an unusually long lifespan compared to other ruminants, up to 38 years. Because of their size, eyesight, and powerful kicks, adult giraffes are usually not subject to predation, although lions may regularly prey on individuals up to 550 kg (1,210 lb). Giraffes are the most common food source for the big cats in Kruger National Park, comprising nearly a third of the meat consumed. However, only a tiny portion of the giraffes was probably killed by predators, as most of the consumed giraffes appeared to be scavenged. Adult female survival is significantly correlated with the number of social associations. Calves are much more vulnerable than adults and preyed on by leopards, cheetahs, Nile crocodiles, spotted hyenas, and wild dogs.
